MTF BIBLIOGRAPHY

Title: MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION - AN OVERVIEW
Author: KIRKPATRICK, RC; LINDEMUTH, IR; WARD, MS
Journal: FUSION TECHNOLOGY ; MAY 1995; v.27, no.3, p.201-214
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Abstract: The magnetized target fusion (MTF) concept is explained, and the underlying principles are discussed. The necessity of creating a target plasma and the advantage of decoupling its creation from the implosion used to achieve fusion ignition are explained. The Sandia National Laboratories Phi-target experiments is one concrete example of the MTF concept, but other experiments have involved some elements of MTF. Lindl-Widner diagrams are used to elucidate the parameter space available to MTF and the physics of MTF ignition. Magnetized target fusion has both limitations and advantages relative to inertial confinement fusion. The chief advantage is that the driver for an MTF target can be orders of magnitude less powerful and in tense than what is required for other inertial fusion approaches. A number of critical issues challenge the practical realization of MTF. Past experience, critical issues, and potential integral MTF experiments are discussed.
Institution: LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, POB 1663, LOS ALAMOS, NM, 87545
Times Cited: 23
Bibliography: 26
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0748-1896&date=1995&volume=27&issue=3&spage=201&atitle=MAGNETIZED+TARGET+FUSION+%2D+AN+OVERVIEW&aulast=KIRKPATRICK&auinit=RC


Title: A physics exploratory experiment on plasma liner formation
Author: Thio, YCF; Knapp, CE; Kirkpatrick, RC; Siemon, RE; Turchi, PJ
Journal: JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY; JUN 2001; v.20, no.1-2, p.1-11
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Momentum flux for imploding a target plasma in magnetized target fusion (MTF) may be delivered by an array of plasma guns launching plasma jets that would merge to form an imploding plasma shell (liner). In this paper, we examine what would be a worthwhile experiment to explore the dynamics of merging plasma jets to form a plasma liner as a first step in establishing an experimental database for plasma-jets-driven magnetized target fusion (PJETS-MTF). Using past experience in fusion energy research as a model, we envisage a four-phase program to advance the art of PJETS-MTF to fusion breakeven (Q similar to 1). The experiment (PLX) described in this paper serves as Phase 1 of this four-phase program. The logic underlying the selection of the experimental parameters is presented. The experiment consists of using 12 plasma guns arranged in a circle, launching plasma jets toward the center of a vacuum chamber. The velocity of the plasma jets chosen is 200 km/s, and each jet is to carry a mass of 0.2 mg to 0.4 mg. A candidate plasma accelerator for launching these jets consists of a coaxial plasma gun of the Marshall type.
Institution: NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA; NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA; Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 24
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0164-0313&date=2001&volume=20&issue=1-2&spage=1&atitle=A+physics+exploratory+experiment+on+plasma+liner+formation&aulast=Thio&auinit=YCF

Title: Magnetic field measurements inside a converging flux conserver for magnetized target fusion applications
Author: Taccetti, JM; Intrator, TP; Wysocki, FJ; Forman, KC; Gale, DG; Coffey, SK; Degnan, JH
Journal: FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; JAN 2002; v.41, no.1, p.13-23
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Two experiments showing continuous, real-time measurements of the radial convergence of a high-aspect-ratio aluminum flux conserver are presented. These results were obtained by measuring the compression of both axial and radial components of an internal low-intensity magnetic field. Repeatable flux conserver compressions of this type, uniform to 10:1 compression ratio, form a step toward achieving magnetized target fusion, where a plasma of appropriate temperature and density would be introduced into the flux conserver for compression to fusion conditions. While X radiographs show this compression ratio was achieved, the magnetic field probe signals were cut off earlier. Axial component measurements resulted in compression ratios of 7:1 and 6.3:1, for the first and second compressions, before the magnetic probe signals were lost. Radial component measurements disagree with the axial probe results. Although the discrepancy between axial and radial probe measurements is not completely understood, possible explanations are presented.
Institution: Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA; NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA; USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 19
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0748-1896&date=2002&volume=41&issue=1&spage=13&atitle=Magnetic+field+measurements+inside+a+converging+flux+conserver+for+magnetized+target+fusion+applications&aulast=Taccetti&auinit=JM

Title: Alpha particles play a relatively minor role in magnetized target fusion systems
Author: Ryutov, DD
Journal: FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; MAR 2002; v.41, no.2, p.88-91
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Two problems related to alpha particle physics in magnetized target fusion (MTF) systems are briefly discussed. First, we evaluate the pressure and density of alpha particles under the assumption that they are perfectly confined and have a classical slowing-down distribution. It turns out that because of a comparatively low plasma temperature in MTF systems, the relative pressure and density of alpha particles are more than an order of magnitude less than in fusion reactors based on ITER-type tokamaks. Therefore, one may expect that even in the extreme case of a perfect confinement of alpha particles, their presence will have a much weaker (than in the case of tokamaks) effect on plasma stability and transport. Second, we discuss the kinetics of plasma burn under the opposite extreme assumption that all the alpha particles are instantaneously lost, without leaving any energy in a plasma. It turns out that even in this case, the plasma energy yield in batch-burn systems is only weakly affected by burnout effects.
Institution: Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, L-630, Livermore, CA 94551 USA; Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 9
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0748-1896&date=2002&volume=41&issue=2&spage=88&atitle=Alpha+particles+play+a+relatively+minor+role+in+magnetized+target+fusion+systems&aulast=Ryutov&auinit=DD

Title: Computational and experimental investigation of magnetized target fusion
Author: Sheehey, PT; Guzik, JA; Kirkpatrick, RC; Lindemuth, IR; Scudder, DW; Shlachter, JS; Wysocki, FJ
Journal: FUSION TECHNOLOGY; DEC 1996; v.30, no.3, pt.2B, p.1355-1359
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: In Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF), a preheated and magnetized target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed to fusion conditions.(1,2) Because the magnetic field suppresses losses by electron thermal conduction in the fuel during the target implosion heating process, the compression may be over a much longer time scale than in traditional inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Bigger targets and much lower initial target densities than in ICF can be used, reducing radiative energy losses. Therefore, ''liner-on-plasma'' compressions, driven by relatively inexpensive electrical pulsed power, may be practical. Potential MTF target plasmas must meet minimum temperature, density, and magnetic field starting conditions, and must remain relatively free of high-Z radiation-cooling-enhancing contaminants. At Los Alamos National Laboratory, computational and experimental research is being pursued into MTF target plasmas, such as deuterium-fiber-initiated Z-pinches,(3) and the Russian-originated ''MACO'' plasma.(4) In addition, liner-on-plasma compressions of such target plasmas to fusion conditions are being computationally modeled, and experimental investigation of such heavy liner implosions has begun. The status of the research will be presented.
Institution: LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, POB 1663, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545
Times Cited: 1
Bibliography: 9
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0748-1896&date=1996&volume=30&issue=3&spage=1355&atitle=Computational+and+experimental+investigation+of+magnetized+target+fusion&aulast=Sheehey&auinit=PT

Title: Magnetized target fusion in cylindrical geometry
Author: Basko, MM; Churazov, MD; Kemp, A; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J
Journal: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT; MAY 21 2001; v.464, no.1-3, p.196-200
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: General ignition conditions for magnetized target fusion (MTF) in cylindrical geometry are formulated. To attain an MTF ignition state, the deuterium-tritium fuel must be compressed in the regime of self-sustained magnetized implosion (SSMI). We analyze the general conditions and optimal parameter values required for initiating such a regime, and demonstrate that the SSMI regime can already be realized in cylindrical implosions driven by similar to 100 kJ beams of fast ions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Institution: Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, B Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow 117259, Russia; Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia; Max Planck Inst Quantenopt, D-85748 Garching, Germany
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 10
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0168-9002&date=2001&volume=464&issue=1-3&spage=196&atitle=Magnetized+target+fusion+in+cylindrical+geometry&aulast=Basko&auinit=MM

Title: Experimental measurements of a converging flux conserver suitable for compressing a field reversed configuration for magnetized target fusion
Author: Intrator, T; Taccetti, M; Clark, DA; Degnan, JH; Gale, D; Coffey, S; Garcia, J; Rodriguez, P; Sommars, W; Marshall, B; Wysocki, F; Siemon, R; Faehl, R; Forman, K; Bartlett, R; Cavazos, T; Faehl, RJ; Forman, K; Frese, MH; Fulton, D; Gueits, JC; Hussey, TW; Kirkpatrick, R; Kiuttu, GF; Lehr, FM; Letterio, JD; Lindemuth, I; McCullough, W; Moses, R; Peterkin, RE; Reinovsky, RE; Roderick, NF; Ruden, EL; Schoenberg, KF; Scudder, D; Shlachter, J; Wurden, GA
Journal: NUCLEAR FUSION; FEB 2002; v.42, no.2, p.211-222
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Data are presented that are part of a first step in establishing the scientific basis of magnetized target fusion (MTF) as a cost effective approach to fusion energy. A radially converging flux compressor shell with characteristics suitable for MTF is demonstrated to be feasible. The key scientific and engineering question for this experiment is whether the large radial force density required to uniformly pinch this cylindrical shell would do so without buckling or kinking its shape. The time evolution of the shell has been measured with several independent diagnostic methods. The uniformity, height to diameter ratio and radial convergence are all better than required to compress a high density field reversed configuration to fusion relevant temperature and density.
Institution: Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA; Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA; Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA; Maxwell Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA; NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM USA; Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM USA; Bechtel Nevada Inc, Las Vegas, NV USA
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 45
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0029-5515&date=2002&volume=42&issue=2&spage=211&atitle=Experimental+measurements+of+a+converging+flux+conserver+suitable+for+compressing+a+field+reversed+configuration+for+magnetized+target+fusion&aulast=Intrator&auinit=T

Title: On drift instabilities in magnetized target fusion devices
Author: Ryutov, DD
Journal: PHYSICS OF PLASMAS; SEP 2002; v.9, no.9, p.4085-4088
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Some versions of magnetized target fusion (MTF) devices will be using a high beta plasma, with local beta exceeding 1. Drift instabilities in such a plasma are electromagnetic and are quite different from the analogous instabilities in a low beta plasma. In a collisionless limit they have been analyzed by El Nadi and Rosenbluth [Phys. Fluids 16, 2036 (1973)] who have shown that the cross-field transport coefficients in such a plasma may exceed a Bohm value. On the other hand, high-density plasma in MTF systems is usually strongly collisional in the sense that the drift frequency for the most dangerous large-scale perturbations is smaller than the ion-ion collision frequency, and the particle mean free path is shorter than the parallel wavelength. This regime is studied in the present paper. It is shown that transport coefficients in the MTF plasma are usually smaller than the Bohm diffusion coefficient. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
Institution: Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA; Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 13
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=1070-664x&date=2002&volume=9&issue=9&spage=4085&atitle=On+drift+instabilities+in+magnetized+target+fusion+devices&aulast=Ryutov&auinit=DD

Title: TARGET PLASMA FORMATION FOR MAGNETIC COMPRESSION MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION
Author: LINDEMUTH, IR; REINOVSKY, RE; CHRIEN, RE; CHRISTIAN, JM; EKDAHL, CA; GOFORTH, JH; HAIGHT, RC; IDZOREK, G; KING, NS; KIRKPATRICK, RC; LARSON, RE; MORGAN, GL; OLINGER, BW; OONA, H; SHEEHEY, PT; SHLACHTER, JS; SMITH, RC; VEESER, LR; WARTHEN, BJ; YOUNGER, SM; CHERNYSHEV, VK; MOKHOV, VN; DEMIN, AN; DOLIN, YN; GARANIN, SF; IVANOV, VA; KORCHAGIN, VP; MIKHAILOV, OD; MOROZOV, IV; PAK, SV; PAVLOVSKII, ES; SELEZNEV, NY; SKOBELEV, AN; VOLKOV, GI; YAKUBOV, VA
Journal: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS ; SEP 4 1995; v.75, no.10, p.1953-1956
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Abstract: Experimental observations of plasma behavior in a novel plasma formation chamber are reported. Experimental results are in reasonable agreement with two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic computations suggesting that the plasma could subsequently be adiabatically compressed by a magnetically driven pusher to yield 1 GJ of fusion energy. An explosively driven helical flux compression generator mated with a unique closing switch/opening switch combination delivered a 2.7 MA, 347 mu s magnetization current and an additional 5 MA, 2.5 mu s electrical pulse to the chamber. A hot plasma was produced and 10(13) D-T fusion reactions were observed.
Institution: LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM, 87545 ALL RUSSIAN SCI RES INST EXPTL PHYS, ARZAMAS 16, RUSSIA, EG&G ENERGY MEASUREMENTS INC, LOS ALAMOS OPERAT, LOS ALAMOS, NM, 87545
Times Cited: 11
Bibliography: 15
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0031-9007&date=1995&volume=75&issue=10&spage=1953&atitle=TARGET+PLASMA+FORMATION+FOR+MAGNETIC+COMPRESSION+MAGNETIZED+TARGET+FUSION&aulast=LINDEMUTH&auinit=IR

Title: MULTIMEGAJOULE ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPLOSION OF SHAPED SOLID-DENSITY LINERS
Author: DEGNAN, JH; BAKER, WL; ALME, ML; BOYER, C; BUFF, JS; BEASON, JD; CLOUSE, CJ; COFFEY, SK; DIETZ, D; FRESE, MH; GRAHAM, JD; HALL, DJ; HOLMES, JL; LOPEZ, EA; PETERKIN, RE; PRICE, DW; RODERICK, NF; SEILER, SW; SOVINEC, CR; TURCHI, PJ
Journal: FUSION TECHNOLOGY ; MAR 1995; v.27, no.2, p.115-123
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Abstract: Electromagnetic implosions of shaped cylindrical aluminum liners that remain at solid density are discussed. The approximate liner parameters have an initial radius of 3 to 4 cm, are 4 cm in height, and are approximately 0.1 cm thick. The liners are driven by the Shiva Star 1300-muf capacitor bank at an 84-kV charging voltage and an approximately 30-nH total initial inductance (including implosion load). The discharge current travels along the length of the liner and rises to 14 MA in approximately 8 mus. The implosion time is approximately 12 mus. Diagnostics include inductive current and capacitive voltage probes, magnetic probes, and radiography. Both right-circular cylinder and conical liner implosion data are displayed and discussed. Radiography indicates implosion behavior substantially consistent with two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic calculations, which predict inner surface implosion velocities exceeding 20 km/s, and compressed density of two to three times solid density. Less growth of perturbations is evident for the conical liner (approximately 1% thickness tolerance) than for the right-circular cylindrical liner (approximately 3% thickness tolerance).
Institution: PHILLIPS LAB, DIV HIGH ENERGY PLASMA, KIRTLAND AFB, NM, 87117
Times Cited: 5
Bibliography: 12
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0748-1896&date=1995&volume=27&issue=2&spage=115&atitle=MULTIMEGAJOULE+ELECTROMAGNETIC+IMPLOSION+OF+SHAPED+SOLID%2DDENSITY+LINERS&aulast=DEGNAN&auinit=JH

Title: Energetic alpha transport in a magnetized fusion target
Author: Kirkpatrick, RC; Smitherman, DP
Journal: FUSION TECHNOLOGY; DEC 1996; v.30, no.3, pt.2B, p.1311-1314
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Magnetized target fusion (MTF) promises to ease the power and intensity requirements for a fusion driver. High gain MTF targets require fusion ignition to occur in the magnetized fuel. Ignition requires the energy deposited by the charged fusion reaction products to exceed that lost from the plasma by a variety of loss mechanisms. We have used single particle tracking through a magnetized plasma to obtain preliminary results on the DT alpha particle deposition as a function of the plasma rho R and BR for a uniform spherically symmetric volume with a uniform B-theta magnetic field. More complicated plasma density, temperature, and field distributions can be handled by the code, including 2-D distributions, but the efficiency of this approach makes extensive calculations impractical. A more efficient approach is needed, particularly for use in dynamic calculations. However, particle tracking is useful for obtaining information for building more accurate models of the deposition for use in survey codes.
Institution: LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, MS B229, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 15
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0748-1896&date=1996&volume=30&issue=3&spage=1311&atitle=Energetic+alpha+transport+in+a+magnetized+fusion+target&aulast=Kirkpatrick&auinit=RC

Title: US/Russian collaboration in high-energy-density physics using high-explosive pulsed power: Ultrahigh current experiments, ultrahigh magnetic field applications, and progress toward controlled thermonuclear fusion
Author: Lindemuth, IR; Ekdahl, CA; Fowler, CM; Reinovsky, RE; Younger, SM; Chernyshev, VK; Mokhov, VN; Pavlovskii, AI
Journal: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE; DEC 1997; v.25, no.6, p.1357-1372
Doc. Type: Review
Abstract: A collaboration has been established between the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), the two institutes which designed the first nuclear weapons for their respective countries, In 1992, when emerging governmental policy in the United States and Russia began to encourage ''lab-to-lab'' interactions, the two institutes quickly recognized a common interest in the technology and applications of magnetic flux compression, the technique for converting the chemical energy released by high-explosives into intense electrical pulses and intensely concentrated magnetic energy, In a period of just over three years, the two institutes have performed more than fifteen joint experiments covering research areas ranging from basic pulsed power technology to solid-state physics to controlled thermonuclear fusion, Using magnetic flux compression generators, electrical currents ranging from 20 to 100 MA were delivered to loads of interest in high-energy-density physics, A 20-MA pulse was delivered to an imploding liner load with a 10-90% rise time of 0.7 mu s. A new, high-energy concept for soft X-ray generation was tested at 65 MA. More than 20 MJ of implosion kinetic energy was delivered to a condensed matter imploding liner by a 100-MA current pulse. Magnetic flux compressors were used to determine the upper critical field of a high-temperature superconductor and to create pressure high enough that the transition from single particle behavior to quasimolecular behavior was observed in solid argon, A major step was taken toward the achievement of controlled thermonuclear fusion by a relatively unexplored approach known in Russia as MAGO (MAGnitnoye Obzhatiye, or ''magnetic compression'') and in the United States as MTF (Magnetized Target Fusion), Many of the characteristics of a target plasma that produced 10(13) fusion neutrons have been evaluated, Computational models of the target plasma suggest that the plasma is suitable for subsequent compression to fusion conditions by an imploding pusher.
Institution: LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545; ALL RUSSIAN SCI RES INST EXPT PHYS, SAROV, NIZHNI NOVGOROD, RUSSIA
Times Cited: 1
Bibliography: 38
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0093-3813&date=1997&volume=25&issue=6&spage=1357&atitle=US%2FRussian+collaboration+in+high%2Denergy%2Ddensity+physics+using+high%2Dexplosive+pulsed+power%3A+Ultrahigh+current+experiments%2C+ultrahigh+magnetic+field+applications%2C+and+progress+toward+controlled+thermonuclear+fusion&aulast=Lindemuth&auinit=IR

Title: Diagnostics for a magnetized target fusion experiment
Author: Wurden, GA; Intrator, TP; Clark, DA; Maqueda, RJ; Taccetti, JM; Wysocki, FJ; Coffey, SK; Degnan, JH; Ruden, EL
Journal: REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS; JAN 2001; v.72, no.1, pt.2, p.552-555
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: We are planning experiments using a field reversed configuration plasma injected into a metal cylinder, which is subsequently electrically imploded to achieve a fusing plasma. Diagnosing this plasma is quite challenging due to the short timescales, high energy densities, high magnetic fields, and difficult access. We outline our diagnostic sets in both a phase I study (where the plasma will be formed and translated), and phase II study (where the plasma will be imploded). The precompression plasma (diameter of only 8-10 cm, length of 30-40 cm) is expected to have n similar to 10(17) cm(-3), T similar to 100-300 eV, B similar to 5 T, and a lifetime of 10-20 mus. We will use visible laser interferometry across the plasma, along with a series of fiber-optically coupled visible light monitors to determine the plasma density and position. Excluded flux loops will be placed outside the quartz tube of the formation region, but inside of the diameter of the theta -pinch formation coils. Impurity emission in the visible and extreme ultraviolet range will be monitored spectroscopically, and fast bolometers will measure the total radiated power. A 20 J Thomson scattering laser beam will be introduced in the axial direction, and scattered light (from multiple spatial points) will be collected from the sides. Neutron diagnostics (activation and time-resolved scintillation detectors) will be fielded during both phases of the DD experiments. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Institution: Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA
Times Cited: 2
Bibliography: 9
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0034-6748&date=2001&volume=72&issue=1&spage=552&atitle=Diagnostics+for+a+magnetized+target+fusion+experiment&aulast=Wurden&auinit=GA

Title: Implosion of solid liner for compression of field reversed configuration
Author: Degnan, JH; Taccetti, JM; Cavazos, T; Clark, D; Coffey, SK; Faehl, RJ; Frese, MH; Fulton, D; Gueits, JC; Gale, D; Hussey, TW; Intrator, TP; Kirpatrick, RC; Kiuttu, GH; Lehr, FM; Letterio, JD; Lindemuth, I; McCullough, WF; Moses, R; Peterkin, RE; Reinovsky, RE; Roderick, NF; Ruden, EL; Shlachter, JS; Schoenberg, KF; Siemon, RE; Sommars, W; Turchi, PJ; Wurden, GA; Wysocki, F
Journal: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE; FEB 2001; v.29, no.1, p.93-98
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: The design and first successful demonstration of an imploding solid liner with height to diameter ratio, radial convergence, and uniformity suitable for compressing a field reversed configuration is discussed. Radiographs indicated a very symmetric implosion with no instability growth, with similar to 13 x radial compression of thp inner liner surface prior to impacting a central measurement unit. The implosion kinetic energy was 1.5 megajoules, 34% of the capacitor stored energy of 4.4 megajoules,
Institution: USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA; USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA; Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; Maxwell Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA; NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA; Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
Times Cited: 4
Bibliography: 25
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0093-3813&date=2001&volume=29&issue=1&spage=93&atitle=Implosion+of+solid+liner+for+compression+of+field+reversed+configuration&aulast=Degnan&auinit=JH

Title: Isentropic focusing of supersonic plasma jets for magnetized target fusion
Author: Winterberg, F
Journal: PHYSICS OF PLASMAS; AUG 2002; v.9, no.8, p.3540-3544
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: It is shown that high energy flux densities can be reached by the isentropic Prandtl-Meyer compression flow of a supersonic plasma jet in a convergent nozzle. The energy flux density thereby increases in proportion to M2/(gamma-1) where M is the Mach number of the jet and gamma the specific heat ratio. With an axial magnetic field set up inside the nozzle by the thermomagnetic Nernst effect, the jet is magnetically insulated from the nozzle wall, reducing the bremsstrahlung radiation and conveniently magnetizing the target plasma. A sufficiently large number of spherically arranged nozzles can then be used for the ignition and confinement of a magnetized thermonuclear target. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
Institution: Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA; Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 8
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=1070-664x&date=2002&volume=9&issue=8&spage=3540&atitle=Isentropic+focusing+of+supersonic+plasma+jets+for+magnetized+target+fusion&aulast=Winterberg&auinit=F

Title: Heavy ion-plasma interaction of IFE concern: Where do we stand now?
Author: Deutsch, C; Nersysian, HB; Cereceda, C
Journal: LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS; SEP 2002; v.20, no.3, p.463-466
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Two distinct issues of recent concern for ion-plasma interactions are investigated. First, the subtle connection between quantum and classical ion stopping is clarified by varying the space dimension. Then we evaluate the range of thermonuclear a's in dense plasmas simultaneously magnetized and compressed.
Institution: Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8578, LPGP, F-91405 Orsay, France; Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8578, LPGP, F-91405 Orsay, France; Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 6
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0263-0346&date=2002&volume=20&issue=3&spage=463&atitle=Heavy+ion%2Dplasma+interaction+of+IFE+concern%3A+Where+do+we+stand+now%3F&aulast=Deutsch&auinit=C


Title: Implosion and ignition of magnetized cylindrical targets driven by heavy-ion beams
Author: Kemp, AJ; Basko, MM; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J
Journal: NUCLEAR FUSION; JAN 2003; v.43, no.1, p.16-24
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Implosions of cylindrical targets, directly driven by heavy-ion beams irradiated along the cylinder axis, are investigated by one-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic simulations. In order to reduce heat losses from the hot fuel, which is enclosed by a metallic tamper, an axial magnetic field is introduced in the targets prior to implosions. We find that diffusive loss of magnetic flux out of the fuel leads to an accumulation of fuel material next to the cold pusher, causing a major problem for the efficiency of magnetized implosions. Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is an important application of magnetized cylindrical implosions. Looking for an optimum reference configuration for MTF with heavy-ion beams, we find the ignition threshold of magnetized cylindrical fusion targets to be at a driver pulse energy of about 10 MJ per centimetre target length; this value is nearly independent of target size and driver power, while the fuel temperature is required to be larger than 50 eV prior to implosions. Finally, we compare our reference case of an igniting MTF target to a standard indirect-drive heavy-ion fusion target.
Institution: Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA; Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany
Times Cited: 0
Bibliography: 13
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0029-5515&date=2003&volume=43&issue=1&spage=16&atitle=Implosion+and+ignition+of+magnetized+cylindrical+targets+driven+by+heavy%2Dion+beams&aulast=Kemp&auinit=AJ

Title: The MAGO system
Author: Garanin, SF
Journal: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE; AUG 1998; v.26, no.4, p.1230-1238
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Results of experimental and theoretical investigations are presented in the frame of magnetohydrodynamic implosion conception MAGnitnoye Obzhatiye or magnetic compression (MAGO). This approach suggests magnetized deuterium-tritium (DT)-plasma preliminary heating and its subsequent adiabatic compression by liner imploded by a magnetic field. DT-plasma preliminary heating is performed using a special plasma chamber MAGO where magnetized plasma is accelerated in an annular nozzle up to velocities similar to 100 cm/mu s and heated in arising collisionless shock waves. Subsequent plasma compression and bringing of its characteristics to the ignition can be realized using explosive magnetic generators with energy 100-500 MJ. This paper discusses the plasma chamber MAGO, physical effects essential for its operation, their relation with other plasma physics areas, as well as problems arising in the MAGO system. Due to its cylindrical symmetry with sole toroidal magnetic field component and essential role of magnetohydrodynamics, the MAGO system and its problems are similar to these in related systems, such as Z-pinches, plasma accelerators, and liner systems.
Institution: ALL RUSSINA RES INST EXPT PHYS, SAROV 607190, RUSSIA
Times Cited: 1
Bibliography: 29
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0093-3813&date=1998&volume=26&issue=4&spage=1230&atitle=The+MAGO+system&aulast=Garanin&auinit=SF

Title: Kinetic theory of alpha particles production in a dense and strongly magnetized plasma
Author: Cereceda, C; Deutsch, C; De Peretti, M; Sabatier, M; Basko, MM; Kemp, A; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J
Journal: PHYSICS OF PLASMAS; NOV 2000; v.7, no.11, p.4515-4533
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: In connection with fundamental issues relevant to magnetized target fusion, the distribution function of thermonuclear alpha particles produced in situ in a dense, hot, and strongly magnetized hydrogenic plasma considered fully ionized in a cylindrical geometry is investigated. The latter is assumed in local thermodynamic equilibrium with Maxwellian charged particles. The approach is based on the Fokker-Planck equation with isotropic source S and loss s terms, which may be taken arbitrarily under the proviso that they remain compatible with a steady state. A novel and general expression is then proposed for the isotropic and stationary distribution f(v). Its time-dependent extension is worked out numerically. The solutions are valid for any particle velocity v and plasma temperature T. Higher order magnetic and collisional corrections are also obtained for electron gyroradius larger than Debye length. f(v) moments provide particle diffusion coefficient and heat thermal conductivity. Their scaling on collision time departs from Braginski's. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)00211-1].
Institution: Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Apdo 89000, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela; UPS, LPGP, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France; CEN B3, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France; MPIQ, D-85748 Garching, Germany
Times Cited: 1
Bibliography: 28
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=1070-664x&date=2000&volume=7&issue=11&spage=4515&atitle=Kinetic+theory+of+alpha+particles+production+in+a+dense+and+strongly+magnetized+plasma&aulast=Cereceda&auinit=C

Title: Dielectric response function and stopping power of dense magnetized plasma
Author: Cereceda, C; Deutsch, C; Peretti, MD; Sabatier, M; Nersisyan, HB
Journal: PHYSICS OF PLASMAS; JUL 2000; v.7, no.7, p.2884-2893
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Using a kinetic-theoretic approach to Fokker-Planck equilibrium of thermonuclear alpha particles in dense and magnetized plasmas, the corresponding longitudinal dielectric function is investigated at length. It is used to evaluate the energy loss of the alpha(s)(') through the excitation of collective plasma modes. Specific attention was paid to the case of extreme magnetization, as well as to the parallel stopping of alpha particles in dense and hot plasmas of magnetized target fusion (MTF) interest. Maximum stopping is shown to be strongly dependent on magnetic field intensity. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070- 664X(00)00207-X].
Institution: Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Apdo 89000, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela; Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, UMR 8578, LPGP, F-91405 Orsay, France; CEN, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France; Inst Radiophys & Elect, Div Theoret Phys, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia
Times Cited: 4
Bibliography: 19
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=1070-664x&date=2000&volume=7&issue=7&spage=2884&atitle=Dielectric+response+function+and+stopping+power+of+dense+magnetized+plasma&aulast=Cereceda&auinit=C

Title: Ignition conditions for magnetized target fusion in cylindrical geometry
Author: Basko, MM; Kemp, AJ; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J
Journal: NUCLEAR FUSION; JAN 2000; v.40, no.1, p.59-68
Doc. Type: Article
Abstract: Ignition conditions in axially magnetized cylindrical targets are investigated by examining the thermal balance of assembled DT fuel configurations at stagnation. Special care is taken to adequately evaluate the energy fraction of 3.5 MeV alpha particles deposited in magnetized DT cylinders. A detailed analysis of the ignition boundaries in the rho R, T parametric plane is presented. It is shown that the fuel magnetization allows a significant reduction of the rho R ignition threshold only when the condition BR greater than or similar to 6 x 10(5) G cm is fulfilled (B is the magnetic field strength and R is the fuel radius).
Institution: CEA Cadarache, Dept Rech Fus Controlee, St Paul Durance, France; CEA Cadarache, Dept Rech Fus Controlee, St Paul Durance, France; Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-8046 Garching, Germany
Times Cited: 5
Bibliography: 15
Article: http://linkseeker.lanl.gov/lanl?genre=article&issn=0029-5515&date=2000&volume=40&issue=1&spage=59&atitle=Ignition+conditions+for+magnetized+target+fusion+in+cylindrical+geometry&aulast=Basko&auinit=MM
Copyright: ©2003 Inst. For Sci. Info

1. Science Server at LANL
Computational and experimental investigation of magnetized target fusion
Sheehey, P.; Guzik, J.; Kirkpatrick, R.; Lindemuth, I.; Scudder, D.; Wysocki, F.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; Boston, MA, USA; June 3, 1996
pp. 110
Summary form only given, as follows. In magnetized target fusion (MTF), a preheated and magnetized target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed to fusion conditions. Because the magnetic field suppresses losses by electron thermal conduction in the fuel during the target implosion heating process, the compression may be over a much longer time scale than in traditional inertial confinement fusion. Bigger targets and much lower initial target densities than in ICF can be used, reducing radiative energy losses. Therefore, "liner-on-plasma" compressions, driven by relatively inexpensive electrical pulsed power, may be practical. Potential MTF target plasmas must meet minimum temperature, density, and magnetic field starting conditions, and must remain relatively free of high-Z radiation-cooling-enhancing contaminants. At Los Alamos National Laboratory, computational and experimental research is being pursued into MTF target plasmas, such as deuterium-fiber-initiated Z-pinches, and the Russian-originated "MAGO" plasma. In addition, liner-on-plasma compressions of such target plasmas to fusion conditions are being computationally modeled, and experimental investigation of such heavy liner implosions has begun.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v1996i0306&article=110_caeiomtf
PLASMA

2. Science Server at LANL
Computational modeling of pulsed-power-driven magnetized target fusion experiments
Sheehey, P.; Kirkpatrick, R.; Lindemuth, I.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE Internation Pulsed Power Conference; Albuquerque, NM, USA; July 3, 1995
pp. 1030 - 1035
Direct magnetic drive using electrical pulsed power has been considered impractically slow for traditional inertial confinement implosion of fusion targets. However, if the target contains a preheated, magnetized plasma, magnetothermal insulation may allow the near-adiabatic compression of such a target to fusion conditions on a much slower time scale. 100 MJ-class explosive flux compression generators, with implosion kinetic energies far beyond those available with conventional fusion drivers, are an inexpensive means to investigate such magnetized target fusion (MTF) systems. One means of obtaining the preheated and magnetized plasma required for an MTF system is the recently reported "MAGO" concept. MAGO is a unique, explosive-pulsed-power driven discharge in two cylindrical chambers joined by an annular nozzle. Joint Russian-American MAGO experiments have reported D-T neutron yields in excess of 10¹³ from this plasma preparation stage alone, without going on to the proposed separately driven MTF implosion of the main plasma chamber. 2-D MHD computational modeling of MAGO discharges shows good agreement with experiments. The calculations suggest that after the observed neutron pulse, a diffuse Z-pinch plasma with temperature in excess of 100 eV is created, which may be suitable for subsequent MTF implosion, in a heavy liner magnetically driven by explosive pulsed power. Other MTF concepts, such as fiber-initiated Z-pinch target plasmas, are also being computationally and theoretically evaluated. The status of the authors' modeling efforts are reported.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee2015&issue=v1995i0307_2&article=1030_cmopmtfe
PPC

3. Science Server at LANL
Target development for magnetized target fusion at LANL
Wysocki, F.J.; Sheehey, P.T.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; Boston, MA, USA; June 3, 1996
pp. 250
Summary form only given. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) is an approach to fusion where a preheated and magnetized plasma is adiabatically compressed to fusion conditions. Compared to traditional inertial confinement fusion (ICF), the magnetic field substantially reduces electron thermal conduction losses, and lower initial density (of order 10¹⁸ cm^-3) reduces radiation losses. This allows the larger targets (cm scale) to be imploded at much reduced speed (1 cm/μS). Successful MTF requires a suitable initial target plasma with a magnetic field of at least 5 T in a closed-field-line topology, a density of roughly 10¹⁸ cm^-3, a temperature of at least 50 eV, and must be free of impurities which would raise radiation losses. The required compression ratio needed to reach fusion conditions is directly dependent on the initial plasma temperature, and thus, an initial temperature of 100-300 eV would be desirable. Target plasma generation experiments are beginning at Los Alamos National Laboratory using the Colt facility; a 0.25 MJ, 3 μs rise-time capacitor bank. The goal of these experiments is to demonstrate plasma conditions meeting the minimum requirements for a MTF initial target plasma. The first experiments will examine Z-pinches produced in a 2 cm radius by 2 cm high conducting wall, using either a gas-fill (with possible laser-initiated channel along the geometric axis), or a frozen deuterium fiber along the axis. The experimental design and any preliminary data will be presented.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v1996i0306&article=250_tdfmtfal
PLASMA

4. Science Server at LANL
MHD modeling of magnetized target fusion experiments
Sheehey, P.T.; Faehl, R.J.; Kirkpatrick, R.C.; Lindemuth, I.R.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
Pulsed Power Plasma Science; Las Vegas, NV, USA; June 17, 2001
pp. 491
Summary form only given. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) is an alternate approach to controlled fusion in which a dense 10 e 17-18 cm-3, preheated 200 eV, and magnetized 100 kG target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed by an imploding liner. If electron thermal conduction losses are magnetically suppressed, relatively slow 1 cm/microsecond "liner-on-plasma" compressions may be practical, using liners driven by inexpensive pulsed power. Target plasmas need to remain relatively free of potentially cooling contaminants during formation and compression. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations including detailed effects of radiation, heat conduction, and resistive field diffusion have been used to model separate static target plasma (Russian MAGO, Field Reversed Configuration at Los Alamos National Laboratory) and liner implosion experiments (without plasma fill), such as recently performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (Albuquerque). Using several different codes, proposed experiments in which such liners are used to compress such target plasmas are now being modeled in one and two dimensions. In this way, it is possible to begin to investigate important issues for the design of such proposed liner-on-plasma fusion experiments. The competing processes of implosion, heating, mixing, and cooling will determine the potential for such MTF experiments to achieve fusion conditions.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee2837&issue=v2001i1706&article=491_mmomtfe
PPPOS

5. Science Server at LANL
MHD modeling of magnetized target fusion experiments
Sheehey, P.T.; Faehl, R.J.; Kirkpatrick, R.C.; Lindemuth, I.R.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
Pulsed Power Plasma Science; Las Vegas, NV, USA; June 17, 2001
pp. 1603 - 1606
Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) is an alternate approach to controlled fusion in which a dense (O(10^17-18 cm^-3)), preheated (O(200 eV)), and magnetized (O(100 kG)) target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed by an imploding liner. If electron thermal conduction losses are magnetically suppressed, relatively slow O(1 cm/microsecond) "liner-on-plasma" compressions may be practical, using liners driven by inexpensive electrical pulsed power. Target plasmas need to remain relatively free of potentially cooling contaminants during formation and compression. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations including detailed effects of radiation, heat conduction, and resistive field diffusion have been used to model separate target plasma (Russian MAGO, Field Reversed Configuration at Los Alamos National Laboratory) and liner implosion experiments (without plasma fill), such as recently performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (Albuquerque). Using several different codes, proposed experiments in which such liners are used to compress such target plasmas are now being modeled in one and two dimensions. In this way, it is possible to begin to investigate important issues for the design of such proposed liner-on-plasma fusion experiments. The competing processes of implosion, heating, mixing, and cooling will determine the potential for such MTF experiments to achieve fusion conditions.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee2837&issue=v2001i1706_2&article=1603_mmomtfe
PPPS

6. Science Server at LANL
Computational modeling of pulsed-power-driven magnetized target fusion experiments
Sheehey, P.; Kirkpatrick, R.; Lindemuth, I.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; Madison, WI, USA; June 5, 1995
pp. 253 - 254
Summary form only given, as follows. Direct magnetic drive using electrical pulsed power has been considered impractically slow for traditional inertial confinement implosion of fusion targets. However, if the target contains a preheated, magnetized plasma, magnetothermal insulation may allow the near-adiabatic compression of such a target to fusion conditions on a much slower time scale. 100-MJ-class explosive flux compression generators, with implosion kinetic energies far beyond those available with conventional fusion drivers, are an inexpensive means to investigate such magnetized target fusion (MTF) systems. One means of obtaining the preheated and magnetized plasma required for an MTF system is the recently reported "MAGO" concept. MAGO is a unique, explosive-pulsed-power-driven discharge in two cylindrical chambers joined by an annular nozzle. Joint Russian-American MAGO experiments have reported D-T neutron yields in excess of 10¹³ from this plasma preparation stage alone, without going on to the proposed separately driven MTF implosion of the main plasma chamber. Two-dimensional MHD computational modeling of MAGO discharges shows good agreement to experiment. The calculations suggest that after the observed neutron pulse, a diffuse Z-pinch plasma with temperature in excess of 100 eV is created, which may be suitable for subsequent MTF implosion, in a heavy liner magnetically driven by explosive pulsed power. Other MTF concepts, such as fiber-initiated Z-pinch target plasmas, are also being computationally and theoretically evaluated. The status of our modeling efforts are reported.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v1995i0506&article=253_cmopmtfe
PLASMA

7. Science Server at LANL
Computational investigation of plasma-wall interaction issues in magnetized target fusion
Sheehey, P.; Atchison, W.; Faehl, R.; Kirkpatrick, R.; Lindemuth, I.; Siemon, R.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE Internation Pulsed Power Conference; Monterey, CA, USA; June 27, 1999
pp. 888 - 891
In the concept known as magnetized target fusion (MTF) in the United States and magnitnoye obzhatiye (MAGO) in Russia, a preheated and magnetized target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed to fusion conditions. Because the magnetic field suppresses losses by electron thermal conduction in the fuel during the target implosion heating process, the implosion velocity may be much smaller than in traditional inertial fusion. Hence "liner-on-plasma" magnetically driven using relatively inexpensive electrical pulsed power, may be practical. The relatively dense, hot target plasma, with starting conditions O(10¹⁸ cm^-3, 100 eV, 100 kG), may spend 10 or more microseconds in contact with a metal wall during formation and compression. Influx of a significant amount of high-Z wall material during this time could lead to excessive cooling by dilution and radiation that would prevent the desired near-adiabatic compression heating of the plasma to fusion conditions. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations including detailed effects of radiation, heat conduction, and resistive field diffusion are being done, using several different computer codes, to investigate such plasma-wall interaction issues in ongoing MTF target plasma experiments and in proposed liner-on-plasma MTF experiments.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee2015&issue=v1999i2706_2&article=888_ciopiiimtf
PPC

8. Science Server at LANL
Computational investigation of plasma-wall interaction issues in magnetized target fusion
Sheehey, P.; Atchison, W.; Faehl, R.; Kirkpatrick, R.; Lindemuth, I.; Siemon, R.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; Monterey, CA, USA; June 20, 1999
pp. 109
Summary form only given. In the concept known as Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) in the United States and Magnitnoye Obzhatiye (MAGO) in Russia, a preheated and magnetized target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed to fusion conditions. Because the magnetic field suppresses losses by electron thermal conduction in the fuel during the target implosion heating process, the implosion velocity may be much smaller than in traditional inertial confinement fusion. Hence "liner-on-plasma" compressions, magnetically driven using relatively inexpensive electrical pulsed power, may be practical. The relatively dense, hot target plasma, with starting conditions O(10¹⁸ cm^-3, 100 eV, 100 kG), may spend 10 or more microseconds in contact with a metal wall during formation and compression. Influx of a significant amount of high-Z wall material during this time could lead to excessive cooling by dilution and radiation that would prevent the desired near-adiabatic compression heating of the plasma to fusion conditions. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations including detailed effects of radiation, heat conduction, and resistive field diffusion are being done, using several different computer codes, to investigate such plasma-wall interaction issues in ongoing MTF target plasma experiments and in proposed liner-on-plasma MTF experiments.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v1999i2006&article=109_ciopiiimtf
PLASMA

9. Science Server at LANL
Implosion and ignition of magnetized cylindrical targets driven by heavy-ion beams
Meyer-ter-Vehn, J.
Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
Nuclear Fusion ; January 01, 2003; vol.43, no.1, pp. 16-24
Implosions of cylindrical targets, directly driven by heavy-ion beams irradiated along the cylinder axis, are investigated by one-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic simulations. In order to reduce heat losses from the hot fuel, which is enclosed by a metallic tamper, an axial magnetic field is introduced in the targets prior to implosions. We find that diffusive loss of magnetic flux out of the fuel leads to an accumulation of fuel material next to the cold pusher, causing a major problem for the efficiency of magnetized implosions. Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is an important application of magnetized cylindrical implosions. Looking for an optimum reference configuration for MTF with heavy-ion beams, we find the ignition threshold of magnetized cylindrical fusion targets to be at a driver pulse energy of about 10 MJ per centimetre target length; this value is nearly independent of target size and driver power, while the fuel temperature is required to be larger than 50 eV prior to implosions. Finally, we compare our reference case of an igniting MTF target to a standard indirect-drive heavy-ion fusion target.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=journals&journal=00295515&issue=v43i0001&article=16_iaiomctdbhb

10. Science Server at LANL
The inverse Z-pinch as a physics test bed, and, possibly, a target plasma, for magnetized target fusion
Lindemuth, I.; Kirkpatrick, R.; Sheehey, P.; Siemon, R.; Bauer, B.; Makhin, V.; Presura, R.; Fuelling, S.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; Banff, Alta., Canada; May 26, 2002
pp. 235
Summary form only given, as follows. From an overall fusion system perspective, the possibility of compressing a magnetized target plasma with beta greater than unity by a magnetically driven imploding liner, or other target pusher driver, appears very exciting. This approach, known as magnetized target fusion (MTF), operates in a density regime that is intermediate between the twelve orders of magnitude in density that separate MFE and ICF. Even if plasma transport is Bohm-like, the MTF parameter space appears accessible with existing drivers, i.e., MTF does not require a major financial investment in driver technology. The confinement directly by material walls and the thermal transport of magnetized, high-beta plasma in the MTF regime has been studied only a little, theoretically, computationally, and experimentally. We are computationally evaluating, using the well-benchmarked two-dimensional radiation-MHD code MHRDR, and other tools as appropriate, the inverse z-pinch as an experimental test bed to study MTF transport and confinement. Existing facilities being considered include the 2terawatt Zebra generator at the Nevada Terawatt Facility, the Colt capacitor bank at LANL, and the Atlas capacitor bank at LANL. According to MHRDR, the plasma is expected to evolve into a near-equilibrium. Thin sheaths next to the outer cylinder and end walls contain steep temperature and density gradients. The plasma should take microseconds to cool, even in the presence of considerable convection. This cooling rate is much slower than would result if free-streaming losses of ions or unmagnetized-electron conduction losses were present. Experimental verification and understanding of the energy transport in this simple wall-confined plasma would provide increased confidence in the design of integrated liner-on-plasma experiments. We are also evaluating the inverse z-pinch as an MTF target plasma for integrated liner-on-plasma experiments.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v2002i2605&article=235_tizaaptpfmtf
PLASMA

11. Science Server at LANL
A Physics Exploratory Experiment on Plasma Liner Formation
Thio, Y. C. Francis; Knapp, Charles E.; Kirkpatrick, Ronald C.; Siemon, Richard E.; Turchi, Peter J.
Journal of Fusion Energy ; June 2001; vol.20, no.1, pp. 1-11
Momentum flux for imploding a target plasma in magnetized target fusion (MTF) may be delivered by an array of plasma guns launching plasma jets that would merge to form an imploding plasma shell (liner). In this paper, we examine what would be a worthwhile experiment to explore the dynamics of merging plasma jets to form a plasma liner as a first step in establishing an experimental database for plasma-jets-driven magnetized target fusion (PJETS-MTF). Using past experience in fusion energy research as a model, we envisage a four-phase program to advance the art of PJETS-MTF to fusion breakeven (Q 1). The experiment (PLX) described in this paper serves as Phase 1 of this four-phase program. The logic underlying the selection of the experimental parameters is presented. The experiment consists of using 12 plasma guns arranged in a circle, launching plasma jets toward the center of a vacuum chamber. The velocity of the plasma jets chosen is 200 km/s, and each jet is to carry a mass of 0.2 mg to 0.4 mg. A candidate plasma accelerator for launching these jets consists of a coaxial plasma gun of the Marshall type.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=journals&journal=01640313&issue=v20i0001&article=1_apeeoplf

12. Science Server at LANL
An embodiment of the magnetized target fusion concept in a spherical geometry with stand-off drivers
Thio, Y.C.F.; Kirkpatrick, R.C.; Knapp, C.; Panarella, E.; Wysocki, F.J.; Parks, P.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; Raleigh, NC, USA; June 1, 1998
pp. 266
Summary form only given. An innovative fusion scheme, embodying the principles of magnetized target fusion (MTF), in which the initial magnetized target and a plasma liner containing a cold fuel layer are introduced into the reactor vessel in a stand-off manner, is discussed. Two compact toroids containing fusionable materials are introduced into a spherical reactor target chamber in a diametrically opposing manner. Embedded in the compact toroids are force-free magnetic fields in Woltjer-Wells-Taylor's state of minimum energy, which are known experimentally to be extraordinarily stable. They collide in the center to form an initial magnetized target plasma. A spherical distribution of plasma jets are then launched from the periphery of the vessel, coalescing to form a converging spherical plasma liner. On impact with the central plasma, the plasma liner sends a shock wave through it, shock heating it to some elevated temperature (above 100 eV) which sets the initial adiabat for subsequent compression. The high temperature immediately raises the electrical conductivity of the plasma to the extent that it traps the magnetic flux inside the central plasma, The central plasma is further compressed by the plasma liner and heated nearly adiabatically to conditions for thermonuclear burn, the magnetic flux being compressed with it. The thermal loss rate, greatly reduced by the high magnetic fields, are sufficiently low that the compression heating can be achieved relatively slowly using plasma jets with velocity of the order of 10-50 cm per microsecond, velocities which have been achieved in the laboratory using electromagnetic acceleration.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v1998i0106&article=266_aeotmtasgwsd
PLASMA

13. Science Server at LANL
Proposed generation and compression of a target plasma for MTF
Kirkpatrick, R.C.; Thurston, R.S.; Chrein, R.E.; Guzik, J.A.; Sgro, A.G.; Scudder, D.W.; Wysocki, F.J.; Fernandez, J.C.; Shlachter, J.S.; Lindemuth, I.R.; Sheehey, P.T.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE Internation Pulsed Power Conference; Albuquerque, NM, USA; July 3, 1995
pp. 1047 - 1051
Magnetized target fusion (MTF), in which a magnetothermally insulated plasma is hydrodynamically compressed to fusion conditions, represents an approach to controlled fusion which avoids difficulties of both traditional inertial confinement and magnetic confinement approaches. It appears possible to compress a magnetothermally insulated plasma to fusion ignition conditions using existing, relatively inexpensive drivers, such as pulsed power devices (including explosive pulsed power). Hence, MTF may represent a means to demonstrate and study ignited plasmas with a very small capital investment. An ongoing LANL explosive pulsed power collaboration with the Russian VNIIEF Laboratory at Arzamas 16 is partly motivated by this application. We are proposing to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetized target fusion by: (1) creating a suitable magnetized target plasma, and (2) performing preliminary liner compression experiments using existing pulsed power facilities and demonstrated liner performance. The required plasma conditions vary for different drivers, but are approximately described by temperature >50 eV, density >10^-6 gm/cm³, current of several hundred kiloamperes, and dimensions of one to a few cm (giving an embedded magnetic field of about 50 kG). The initial candidate for creating the target plasma is a fiber-initiated Z-pinch. These pinches have already been created with relevant parameters, but need to be optimized for the MTF application. The target plasma would be diagnosed and optimized inside a static liner, using interferometry, spectroscopy, and other diagnostic tools.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee2015&issue=v1995i0307_2&article=1047_pgacoatpfm
PPC

14. Science Server at LANL
Numerical simulations of Plasma/Magnetic Field/Liner interactions in magnetized target fusion systems
Roderick, N.F.; Douglas, M.R.; Peterkin, R.E., Jr.; Turchi, P.J.; Degnan, J.H.; Frese, M.H.
Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res. Lab., USA
Pulsed Power Plasma Science; Las Vegas, NV, USA; June 17, 2001
pp. 537
Summary form only given. Magnetized target fusion (MTF) relies on magnetic field suppression of thermal transport to achieve fusion conditions at relatively low driver power. One method proposed for MTF uses an imploding liner which starts at solid density to compress a hot magnetized plasma. Analytic methods and one and two dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations are being used to study this plasma liner compression approach. Plasma from the liner walls represents a contaminant that can increase radiation losses and lower plasma temperatures below desired values. As part of this effort are we are investigating the generation and evolution of such plasmas. Energy input to the liner from thermal conduction and joule heating from both the magnetized plasma and the driving magnetic field are under study to determine their contributions to the production of contaminant and the interaction of these plasmas with the hot fusion plasma. Results from these ongoing calculations will be presented.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee2837&issue=v2001i1706&article=537_nsopfiimtfs
PPPOS

15. Science Server at LANL
Magnetized target fusion ignition conditions
de Peretti, R.; Sabatier, M.
CEA, Centre d'Etudes de Limeil-Valenton, Villeneuve St. Geor, France
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; Madison, WI, USA; June 5, 1995
pp. 194
Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) consists of the hydrodynamic compression of a wall, hot, magnetized DT plasma to ignition conditions. MTF takes advantage of two benefits of a magnetic field in a plasma: reduction of the thermal conductivity and enhancement of the charged particle reaction product energy deposition. To study the ignition conditions, we evaluate the gains brought by compression and fusion and losses dissipated by bremsstrahlung, Compton, conduction and synchrotron. We are able to construct the boundaries for boot-strapping burn (dT/dt/spl ges/0) with or in absence (ICF) of magnetic field. We demonstrate that MTF ignition can occur using very low implosion velocities for plasmas with very low Rho-R and densities (by ICF standards). This is possible because the major heat loss mechanism, thermal conduction is suppressed by megagauss fields and the DT alpha particles are partially trapped within the plasma. We prove, unlike ICF, that the fusion region for MTF is sensitive to the mass of the DT in the target. This sensitivity just reflects the fact that the additional physical processes involved in MTF don't have the same dependence on density and target radius separately, so the the equations don't scale in such a simple way with Rho-R. For a target containing 10 mu-gm of DT, the MTF region is considerably smaller than for 100 mu-gm, and even the ICF region is hardly enlarged at all.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v1995i0506&article=194_mtfic
PLASMA

16. Science Server at LANL
Detailed modeling of proposed liner-on-plasma fusion experiments
Sheehey, P.T.; Faehl, R.J.; Kirkptrick, R.C.; Lindemuth, I.R.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; New Orleans, LA, USA; June 4, 2000
pp. 218
Summary form only given, as follows. Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is a potentially inexpensive approach to controlled fusion in which a preheated and magnetized target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed by an imploding liner. If electron thermal conduction losses are magnetically suppressed, relatively slow O(1 cm/microsecond) "liner-on-plasma" compressions, magnetically driven using inexpensive electrical pulsed power, may be practical. Target plasmas in the range 10¹⁸ cm^-3, 100 eV, 100 kG need to remain relatively free of potentially cooling contaminants during formation and compression. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations including derailed effects of radiation, heat conduction, and resistive field diffusion have been used to model separate static target plasma (Russian MACO, Z-pinch, Field Reversed Configuration) and liner implosion (without plasma fill) experiments. Using several different codes, liner-on-plasma compression experiments are now being modeled in one and two dimensions to investigate important issues for the design of proposed liner-on-plasma MTF experiments. The competing processes of implosion, heating, mixing, and cooling determine the potential for such liner-on-plasma experiments to achieve fusion conditions.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v2000i0406&article=218_dmoplfe
PLASMA

17. Science Server at LANL
Computational and experimental results of a wall-supported dense Z-pinch experiment
Sheehey, P.T.; Kirkpatrick, R.C.; Lindemuth, I.R.; Wysocki, F.W.; Thio, Y.C.F.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; Raleigh, NC, USA; June 1, 1998
pp. 322
Summary form only given. In Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) experiments, a preheated and magnetized target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed to fusion conditions by a magnetically driven liner. MTF requires initial target plasma conditions of order 10¹⁸ cm^-3, 100 eV, and 100 KGauss. A deuterium-fiber-initiated dense Z-pinch experiment to reach target plasma conditions has been designed, modelled, and built at Los Alamos National Laboratory (1). This experiment is unique in that it utilizes m=0 instability to fill the 2-cm-radius plasma chamber, after which computations predict a relatively stable wall-supported condition may be found. An important issue to be addressed is whether or not heat loading on the walls, and high current density loading on the electrodes of such a pinch, will result in undesirable contamination of the plasma with high-Z material. Additions to the computational model and experimental diagnostics are being prepared to answer such questions. Detailed comparison of the modelling results with experiment will be presented.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v1998i0106&article=322_caeroawdze
PLASMA

18. Science Server at LANL
DT alpha energy deposition in a magnetized plasma
Guerton, F.; de Peretti, M.; Sabatier, M.
Centre d'Etudes de Bruyeres-le-Chatel, France
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; New Orleans, LA, USA; June 4, 2000
pp. 105
Summary form only given. We present a 3D code for calculating the energy deposited as a function of the position within the plasma, assuming an arbitrary magnetic field configuration. This code tracks the very complex trajectories of the alphas, tabulating the energy along the path and terminating the trajectory when an alpha leaves the target plasma or slows to thermal velocity. The amount of energy deposited in the plasma depends on the temperature, density and radius of the plasma and on the strength and configuration of the field. We report some of our particle tracking calculations and discuss various methods for handling DT alpha energy deposition in calculations for Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF). In this case, we show the fractional deposition, averaged over volume and angle, in a homogeneous magnetized plasma with an azimuthal field and point up that the important parameter for enhancement is the field times target radius. For BR>0.5 MGcm, significant enhancement occurs and for BR>5 MGcm greatly increases energy.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v2000i0406&article=105_daediamp
PLASMA

19. Science Server at LANL
Computational modeling of wall-supported dense Z-pinches
Sheehey, P.T.; Gerwin, R.A.; Kirkpatrick, R.C.; Lindemuth, I.R.; Wysocki, F.J.
Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA
IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science; San Diego, CA, USA; May 19, 1997
pp. 183 - 184
Summary form only given, as follows. A new application for deuterium-fiber-initiated Z-pinches is Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF), in which a preheated and magnetized target plasma is hydrodynamically compressed, by a separately driven liner, to fusion conditions. Although the conditions necessary for a suitable target plasma-density (10¹⁸ cm^-3), temperature (100 eV), magnetic field (100 kG) are less extreme than those required for the previous ohmically heated fusion scheme, the plasma must remain magnetically insulated and clean long enough to be compressed by the imploding liner to fusion conditions, e.g., several microseconds. A fiber-initiated Z-pinch in a 2-cm-radius, 2-cm long conducting liner has been built at Los Alamos to investigate its suitability as an MTF target plasma. Two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic modeling of this experiment shows early instability similar to that seen on HDZP-II; however, when plasma finds support and stabilization at the outer radial wall, a relatively stable profile forms and persists. Comparison of experimental results and computations, and computational inclusion of additional experimental details is being done. Analytic and computational investigation is also being done on possible instability-driven cooling of the plasma by Benard-like convective cells adjacent to the cold wall.
http://sciserver.lanl.gov:80/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=confs&journal=ieee1912&issue=v1997i1905&article=183_cmowdz
PLASMA

20. Science Server at LANL
Progress with developing a target for magnetized target fusion
Wysocki,